由于新手去体验远足没必要非得挑战很难的旅途，因此要记住你可以仅仅通过变换地形和速度使你的远足要么很容易要么很艰难。如果你爬一座小山，你很快会知道你是在进行一项很好的有氧运动。而且，正如在任何其他运动中一样，一定要定好在徒步旅行中的困难度，这样你的身体会更加健壮。“你要更多地使用腿部而不是身体其他部位，并且确保你的心脏血管良好以能够进行更难的远足，这点也很重要，”斯隆说。为了在徒步中保持身体健康，斯隆建议跑跑步来改善心脏血管条件，腿部与身体其他部位也要进行力量训练。
无论你一直选择简单随意的，或者作为你平时的运动，远足都可以使你更为强壮和健康——另外，它也很有趣！34岁的斯隆说，这不只是一项很重要的运动，它也能使各个年龄段的女士们获得一些经历。“远足给我一种自由感。我能够亲近大自然，到开车不能去的野外，你只有用自己的双脚去努力才能看到它们。”
Exercising in water
Taking a swim in cold water may be invigoratinginvigorating adj.精力充沛的， 爽快的，but it could increase appetiteappetite n.食欲， 胃口， 欲望， 爱好 enough to cause weight gain，U.S. researchers said last weekend. The study may help explain why it is more difficult for some people to lose weight by swimming as opposed to other forms of exercise.
The University of Florida team tested how many calories were burned by 11 volunteers while exercising in warm water and in cold water. They ate 44 percent more caloriescalorie n.卡路里 after exercise in cold water than in warm water，the researchers found.
“It，s possible that individuals who exercise in cooler water may have an exaggerated energyenergy n.精力， 精神， 活力， ［物］能量 intake following exercise，which may be a reason why they don，t lose as much weight。” said Lesley White of the College of Health and Human Performance，who led the study.“So it may not be the exercise itself that causes the problem because you can match the exercise energy expenditureexpenditure n.支出， 花费；rather it，s the increased eating after the exercise is over.”
That is not to say exercising in water is a bad thing.
“Water exercise is an excellent activity for many people，particularly those with joint disorders，thermalthermal adj.热的， 热量的 regulatoryregulatory adj.调整的 problems and balance or coordination difficulties。” she said in a statement.
“We found that during the recovery period，when the subjects had access to an assortmentassortment n.分类 of foods，that significantlysignificantly adv.意味深长地， 值得注目地 more calories were eaten after exercise in cold water compared to exercise in warm water or at rest。” White said. Body temperature might also affect appetite，she added.
游泳
美国研究学者最新发表的研究结果表示，在冷水中游泳能使人精神焕发，但是也会增加胃口从而导致发胖。这项研究能帮助解释为什么游泳不同于其他的运动形式，反而让一些人不能通过游泳减肥的原因。
通过对11名自愿者在热水和冷水中游泳的试验，佛罗里达大学研究人员测试出了消耗的热量。研究人员发现，在冷水中游泳的人比在热水中游泳的人在游泳后多摄入了44%的卡路里。
领导这次研究的健康与人类行为学院的莱斯利·怀特说：“部分在冷水中游泳的人可能通过吃又吸收了更多的热量，这可能就是他们不能减肥的原因。”“因此并不是这项运动导致了发胖，因为人能在热量消耗后恢复平衡，而是游泳后吃的东西太多了。”
当然也不能说游泳是件坏事。
莱斯利·怀特在一次发言中说：“对大多数人而言游泳是一项非常好的运动项目，特别是对患关节毛病的和在平衡与协调方面有困难的人。”
怀特说，我们发现在体力恢复期内，食物的种类也相当接近的情况下，在冷水中运动后明显比在热水和平时运动后吃下的食物多，身温可能会影响食欲。
American Football
American football is derived from the English game of rugby， and is entirelyentirely adv.完全地， 全然地， 一概地 different from ordinary football， that is， soccer or association football. American football is the most popular sport in all schools and colleges in the fall.
There are professional football teams in nearly all major cities of the United States. Their players are almost always from college footballers.
The game is played with an oval ball，and the eleven players on each side may carry it and tackle each other.
橄榄球
美国的橄榄球（美式足球）运动起源于英国的橄榄球赛，同一般的足球运动，即英式足球截然不同。秋天，美国的橄榄球运动是大、中学校里最流行的体育运动。
美国所有较大的城市几乎都有职业橄榄球队，其运动员大多数是原来的大学橄榄球运动员。
比赛用的是椭圆形皮球，各方的十一名运动员可以带球并互相抱住摔倒对手。
Tennis， Heritage
Everything about tennis， except its essential rules， has changed from the way it was played 100 years ago， when balls， clothes， players and spectatorsspectator n.观众（指比赛或表演） all were white. Andre Agassi，s baggy shorts and Serena Williams， bright， skintight halter tops are the latest fashion， far cries from the days when decorumdecorum n.礼貌 demanded pleated white trousers and anklelength dresses.
Women routinely serve at 110 mph， rather than merely Loppinglopping 修剪 ［常用复］修剪下来的树枝 the ball in safely with spin. Pete Sampras serves more acesace n.（纸牌或骰子）幺点， 王牌飞行员（击落敌机五架以上者） adj.一流的 abbr.［军］ Allied Command Europe， 欧洲盟军司令部 in a match than turnofthecentury players did in a season.
Middle class professionals， not upper class amateurs， rule the courts， and hundreds of thousands of dollars， not merely silver cups and platters， are at stakestake n.树桩 at the majors.
The Grand Slam events， once small， provincial affairs， now boast multiple stadiums and draw tens of thousands of fans each day， along with worldwide television audiences and millions in corporate sponsorshipssponsorship n.赞助者的地位，任务等.
Rackets are bigger， lighter and stronger， crafted from spaceage composites rather than wood. The once ubiquitousubiquitous adj.到处存在的， （同时）普遍存在的 racket press， with its nuts and bolts and washers in four corners to keep wooden rackets from warping， is a curiosity found only in antique shops. Optic yellow balls made white ones obsolete 30 years ago.
Even the lawn in “lawn tennis” has disappeared， except for Wimbledon and a few other events， replaced by hardcourts and clay.
Although a few wrinkles in the rules have come along， most notably the tiebreaker， tennis still has the same quaint scoring - love， 15， 30， 40， deuce， advantage. The dimensions of the court and the height of the net haven，t budged. Faults and doublefaults bedevilbedevil vt.虐待， 使苦恼， 使痛苦 players today as they always have.
Cyclops， the electronic eye， guards the service lines at the bigger tournaments， but linesmen still squat in every corner of the court and matches still are called by the umpires perched high in their chairs.
The pride of tennis， and its curse， through the century has been its heritage as a sport of the upper crust.
网球运动的传统
网球运动，除了基本规则以外，100年间变化巨大。在100多年前，网球是白色的，球员和观众也身着白衣；笔挺的裤子和垂至脚踝的长裙意味着优雅得体。但是，安得烈·阿加西的松垂的短裤和和瑟林娜·威廉姆斯明快的紧身吊带网球裙却与这一传统背道而驰。
当今，女子球员通常可以发出时速为110公里的球，而不是仅仅象以前那样只能发出慢吞吞的下手旋转弧线球。皮特·桑普拉斯在一场比赛里发出的ACE球比20世纪初的球员们在一个赛季里发出的还要多。
统治球场并不是上流社会的业余爱好者，而是中产阶级的职业球员。因而，他们不仅仅是赢得了银杯和奖盘，而且在大赛上也获得了大笔奖金。
曾为小型地方比赛的大满贯赛事，现在则在各种大型运动场地举行，每天吸引了成千万的球迷来观看，同时世界各地的人们通过电视来收看，因此有许多公司还出巨资赞助比赛。
现在球拍比过去更大、更轻、更坚固，以太空时代材料而非木材精工制作而成。过去见的那种为了避免球拍变弯，四角都用螺栓、镙帽和垫圈固定的木制球拍夹子，现在只有在古董店里才能见得到了。更醒目的黄色网球在30年前就取代了白色网球。
甚至草地网球场上的草坪也消失了，除了温布尔登等几个赛场仍使用草场外，其余的已被硬场地和土场地所取代了。
