夏威夷州小档案：
人口：约120万
面积：约16，705平方公里，排名第47位
州府：檀香山Honolulu
夏威夷州名称来自玻利尼西亚语，意为“原始的家”Original home。
一千多年前玻利尼西亚人向本州各岛殖民。1900年并入美国。1959年8月21日成为美国第50州。以芙蓉花Hibiscus为州花。本州别名叫做“爱洛哈之州”Aloha State（夏威夷人向人问候或离别之时，常说：“爱洛哈”。其意义为爱）。本州箴言：“守正义则存”The Life of the Land Is Perpetuated in Righteousness。
州府是檀香山Honolulu，为旅游胜地。最引人的地方是外基海滩Waikiki Beach全年风和日丽水蓝天青，宜游泳，冲浪，可以荡舟，也可以捕鱼。每年进出檀香山的船舶，约2千艘。每天进出檀香山国际机场的旅客，多至40万人。市内有夏威夷大学，创于1907年。校内设立之东西研究中心The East and West Center，甚著名。
本州特征有三：第一，本州全是火山岛。夏威夷群岛包括132个岛。这是太平洋海底上一座高大的火山锥，露出海面的部分。太平洋底部发生大裂缝，熔岩外流，形成高大的火山，其上有许多火山口，形成许多山峰。有些山峰露出海面，即成为海岛。第二，本州属于热带气候。这使美国有寒（阿拉斯加）、温（美国大陆48州）、热（夏威夷群岛）三带的领土。第三，本州是美国的太平洋海空军基地，及美、亚、澳三州航运中心，地位十分重要。
群岛气候属于回归型，因为它位于北回归线附近，受东北信风的影响，迎风坡多雨，北风坡少雨。主要物产为蔗糖与凤梨（菠萝或黄梨）。后者产量约占全世界产量四分之三。本州主要收入：第一是国防工业。第二是旅游业。第三是蔗糖业。第四是菠萝业。欧胡岛在夏威夷岛之西北方。岛的南岸有珍珠港Pearl Harbor及檀香山（火奴鲁鲁Honolulu）。前者是美国在太平洋内最大军港；后者是本州工商业中心。此岛东距旧金山3800公里；西距香港8890公里。
Introduction简介
The language of Hawaii and archaeological（考古学的，考古学上的）discoveries indicate that Hawaii was settled by two distinct waves of Polynesian（玻利尼西亚人的）migration．Cook himself knew that the original Polynesian discoverers had come from the South Pacific hundreds of years before his time．First，from the Marquesas（〈西〉n．（西班牙的）侯爵夫人），came a settlement as early as 600or 700A．D．，and then from the Society Islands，another migration about 1100A．D．．Lacking instruments of navigation or charts or any kind，the Polynesians sailed into vast oceans．They staked their knowledge of the sky and its stars，the sea and its currents，the flight of birds and many other natural signs．They were superior seamen of their time．
During the 13th and 14th centuries，waves of immigrants from Tahiti（塔希提岛（位于南太平洋，法属波利西亚的经济活动中心））overwhelmed and absorbed the original people．Since the earliest Hawaiians were possibly somewhat smaller than the later immigrants，they may form the basis for the legends of the menehunes，who were pictured by the later Hawaiians as hardworking elves．
The first known settlers of the Hawaiian Islands were Polynesian voyagers（航行者，航海者）．The islands were first visited by Europeans in 1778by the English explorer Captain James Cook，who named them the Sandwich Islands for the English Earl of Sandwich．At that time the islands were under the rule of warring native kings．
It was a kingdom until 1775，when it was discovered by Captain James Cook and renamed the “Sandwich Islands”after the Earl of Sandwich；however as early as 1818，King Kamehameha I is reported to have protested（主张，抗议），saying that each island should be called by its own name，and the entire group referred to as the“Islands of the Kingdom of Hawaii”．But sometime after the beginning of the Christian era（基督纪元），Polynesians first set foot on these islands．Linguistic and cultural evidence suggest that the first inhabitants came from the Marquesas Group，to the north of Tahiti．
In 1810Kamehameha I became the sole sovereign（君主）of all the islands，and，in the peace that followed，agriculture and commerce were promoted．As a result of Kamehameha’s hospitality，American traders were able to exploit the islands’sandalwood（檀香，白檀），which was much valued in China at the time．Trade with China reached its height during this period．However，the period of Kamehameha’s rule was also one of decline．Europeans and Americans brought with them devastating（破坏性的）infectious diseases，and over the years the native population was greatly reduced．The adoption of Western ways trading for profit，using firearms（火器），and drinking liquor contributed to the decline of native cultural tradition．This period also marked the breakdown of the traditional Hawaiian religion，with its belief in idols（偶像，崇拜物）and human sacrifice；years of religious unrest followed．
Captain James Cook，the great Pacific explorer，happened upon the islands during his third voyage in 1778．Hawaii’s long isolation ended at that moment．Soon，King Kamehameha the Great embarked（着手）on his successful campaign to unite the islands into one kingdom．At about the same time，Hawaii assumed importance in the east－west fur trade and later as the center for the Pacific whaling（捕鲸）industry．
When missionaries arrived in 1820they found a less idyllic（田园短诗的，牧歌的，生动逼真的）Hawaii than the one Captain Cook had discovered．Kamehameha III，who ruled from 1825until his death in 1854，relied on the missionaries for advice and allowed them to preach Christianity．The missionaries established schools，developed the Hawaiian alphabet（字母表），and used it for translating the Bible into Hawaiian．In 1839，Kamehameha III issued a guarantee of religious freedom，and the following year a constitutional monarchy（君主政体）was established．From 1842to 1854an American，G．P．Judd，held the post of prime minister，and under his influence many reforms were carried out．In the following decades commercial ties between Hawaii and the United States increased．
The pattern of growth then began to accelerate（加速，促进）even more rapidly．The U．S．Navy set up its giant Pacific headquarters at Pearl Harbor and the Army built a huge garrison at Schofield Barracks．Pineapple，other crops，cattle ranching（大农场），and tourism slowly began to take on greater importance in the island economy．
On Dec．7，1941，Japanese aircraft made a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor，plunging（使投入）the United States into World War II．During the war the Hawaiian Islands were the chief Pacific base for U．S．forces and were under martial law（戒严法，戒严令）．
