Surfing：The Sport of Kings
Hundreds of places in the world have huge blue waves，white sand beaches，and beautiful young people carrying surfboards.But，when people think of surfing，many first think of Hawaii，USA.Not only because Hawaii has some of the best，and most dangerous，surfing in the world，but also because the Polynesians，natives of the island of Hawaii，were the first people to surf.
Historians believe that Hawaii natives migrated from other Polynesian islands，including Tahiti，where the islanders are known to have ridden waves as they stretched out along on a board.While the first Hawaiian surfers may have ridden their long boards on their stomachs，we know that they soon started standing on the board.How do we know？They carved pictures of men standing on surfboards on lava rocks.They also passed chants from generation to generation that told of amazing surfing feats.They wanted to make sure the younger members of the tribe never forget the heroics of their ancestors.In addition，explorers from other countries recorded seeing Hawaiians surfing hundreds of years ago.
The famous explorer Captain Cook died in Hawaii，but a member of his crew recorded the bravery and excellent skills of the local Hawaiian surfers.Many European sailors could not even swim at that time，so imagine how impressed they were to see surfers moving across the water at such a high speeds！It is thought that the chiefs and leaders of the Hawaiian native people used surfing as a means to show off their strength and agility，and to intimidate and impress others.Traditionally，the ruling class had better crafted and more elaborate boards to show others their status and great importance.Making a surfboard had special steps.For example，a religious leader would say a prayer before the tree was cut down.
Today people around the world love to surf.People of all shapes and sizes，rich or poor，can try their hands at surfing.Basic equipment is affordable，and once a surfer buys his board，all he need is some waves！
冲浪：国王的运动
世界上有成百上千的地方可以看到蓝色的巨浪、白色的海滩和扛着冲浪板身着时髦泳装的帅男靓女们。然而，当谈到冲浪时，人们首先想到的总是美国的夏威夷，因为夏威夷拥有世界上最好的、最危险的冲浪运动，而且还因为夏威夷岛的本族人珀利尼西亚人被公认为是最早拥有站在木板上破浪前进的艺术的。
历史学家们认为早期的夏威夷殖民者是从其他的珀利尼西亚诸岛移民过来的，其中包括塔希提岛，岛上的居民据说在沿着木板伸展时是踏浪前进的。最早的夏威夷冲浪者是把肚子贴在长板上前进的，很快他们就能站起来了。我们怎么知道的？他们在熔岩上雕刻运动员站在冲浪板上的画面，以此来记录对这项运动的热爱。他们一代接一代传唱让人们想起高超冲浪技艺的圣歌，旨在提醒部族的年轻人永远不要忘记祖先的英雄壮志。虽然夏威夷本族人的历史已大部分流失，其他国家的探索者还是找到了几百年前夏威夷人冲浪的记录。
著名的探险家库克船长在夏威夷去世了，他的一位忠实的船员记录了他所见证的冲浪者的勇敢和高超技艺。许多欧洲水手那个时候甚至还不会游泳，你可以想像得到当他们看到冲浪者以那么快的速度划过水面的时候印象该是多么深刻呀。据说夏威夷本族人的首领把冲浪当作一种显示力量和敏捷的手段，威慑那些向他们的领导提出挑战的人，加深冲浪同胞们的印象。传统上，统治阶级使用的板做工比较精致，用以向他人展示他们的地位和重要性，甚至冲浪板的制作都有特殊的礼仪。例如，在树被砍倒之前，宗教首领要先做一番祈祷。
今天，世界各地的人都喜爱冲浪。事实上，所有体形和大小的人，不论贫富，都可以去尝试冲浪。冲浪的基本设备相对来说还是可以买得起的，一旦冲浪手买好了必备的工具，等待的就是那些惊涛骇浪了。
Canyoneering
They weave through the southwest desert like a snake stalking its prey.These prehistoric geologic wonders known as slot canyons have been craved by centuries of rain and erosion.As narrow as three feet wide and a thousand feet deep，few people have ever had the courage to descend into this mysterious world.
Canyoneer 1：
Conyoneering is a combination of climbing，caving，backcountry hiking，and rappelling.The combination is unique，though because the consequences are very high for a Conyoneer.
Even under the best conditions，Conyoneering is extremely dangerous.One of the biggest risk in Conyoneering comes from mother nature unleashing her unpredictable and unforgiving fury.In 1997，a suddent flash flood turned a peaceful canyon into a raging torrent of deadly whitewater.Eleven people were swept to their deaths.
Conyoneer 2：
The dangerous of canyoneering would be rock fall，faulty anchor system，flash flooding，as well as cold water，cold air，change of hypothermia，and little or no chance on rescue.
Concentration stretched to the limit，they edge their way into crevices as much as one thousand feet deep.Once they reach their destination and lower their ropes，there’s no turning back.The towering vertical walls make an emergency exit impossible.If someone gets hurt they are likely to die.Even a minor injury can be lifethreatening.
On their journey into this unforgiving world，they have to cross pools of near freezing water and dying from hypothermia is a very real threat.How do they keep the water out and the warmth in？By wearing specially designed immersion suits，or dry suits，that insulate their body against the frigid water.So how do they escape these desolate canyons？With careful planning.Before beginning the journey，they determined the exact location where they would exit the canyon.They dropped ropes from above so they could climb out 2days later.If they havn’t placed the ropes more than 16miles to reach the end of canyon，using ascenders that clamp onto the rope，they slowly pull themselves up.
Canyoneer 3：
There’s balance between use and preservation.Do you use canyons or do we preserve them all？Are we okay just knowing they exist or do we go into them and enjoy them？In this spirit of other explorers，the answer seems obvious.These adventures will be climbing walls for years to come.
攀峡
大峡谷裂缝在西南部沙漠上蜿蜒迂回，犹如蛇朝它的猎物悄悄地潜行着一般。这种史前的地质奇观经过数世纪的雨袭和侵蚀而成。宽度只有窄窄的三英尺，深达千尺，只有很少人有勇气深入到这个神秘的世界里去一探究竟。
攀峡者1：
攀峡结合了攀爬、凿洞、荒野远足以及攀绳下滑。这种结合是极度特别的，因为对于攀峡者来说，后果是很严重的。
哪怕在最好的准备条件下，攀峡依然十分危险。其中最大的一险是大自然母亲会宣泄她的无常喜怒。在1997年，一场突发的洪水将原本平静的峡谷化为白浪滔滔的狂流。十一人被卷入洪流中丧生。
攀峡者2：
攀峡的危险有坠石、索具出现问题、泛洪，以及冰冻的水和空气、攀峡者体温过低、获救的机会几乎为零。
攀峡者紧贴着峡缝爬下一千尺的深处，精力的集中达到极限。到目的地后放下绳索，就再也不能回头了。岩壁高耸陡峭，根本无路可逃。如果受伤，就有可能丧命。即使轻伤也会对生命构成威胁。
他们在这个无情世界的探索过程中，要涉过水温接近冰点的水潭，体温太低致死成为巨大的威胁。如何防水并保持体温呢？他们穿上特制的保温罩衫与冰冻的水隔绝开。那么他们又怎样逃出这荒凉的峡谷呢？凭精心的安排策划。在开始冒险前，他们就定下离开峡谷的确切位置，放下绳索，两日后从那里爬出来。如果没有预放足够长的绳索，他们就只能慢慢地把自己拉上去。
攀峡者3：
在使用与保存之间要讲求平衡。是使用峡谷呢，还是全封闭保存？仅仅知道它们的存在就行了呢，还是进去一饱眼福？在其余探险者的脸上，答案似乎很明显。探险家们在未来几年中将会继续他们的冒险。
Rock Climb
No one can really learn to rock climb from a newspaper，a video or the Internet.This article is intended as an introduction to rock climbing only.Seek instruction and places to practice first.
Why rock climb？
