“退一步海阔天空”，让我们去体验“让步”的快乐吧。OK， let"s go！
22.1让步状语从句的基本用法让步状语从句表示条件退让一步，因其引出较差的条件或状态而得名，让步状语从句表示“虽然”、“尽管”、“即使”等概念。引导让步状语从句的连接词通常有though， although， as，while， whether， no matter， whatever， whoever， whichever， even if， even though 等。
22.2although， though， as， even if 和even though引导的让步状语从句（1）though 与although 都可以引导让步状语从句，二者一般可以互换，但although 比though 语气重。though 可与even 连用，表示强调，意思是“即使”，但通常不能说evenalthough。though 可以放在句子的末尾，表示“然而”，而although 却不可以。有时可用副词yet， still， nevertheless（但不能用连词but) 来配合连接词though 或although，以加强语气。例如：
Though（Although）we may not succeed， we will still try.
即使我们可能不会成功，但我们仍努力尝试。
Although Tom may have told you， I still think he is not to be trusted.
尽管汤姆告诉你了，但我仍然觉得他不可信。
I won"t work with him though he is quite a capable man.
他即使是个能干的人，我也不想跟他一起共事。
Although (Though) I gave the student some advice， he didn"t take it.
尽管我给这个学生提了些建议，但他并不接受。
Dad continued to work hard even if (even though) he felt sick.
尽管爸爸感到不舒服，他仍然继续努力工作。
Though the sore be healed， yet a scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语）（2）though 引导的让步状语从句也可采用倒装语序，这与as 引导让步状语从句的用法相同，即把被强调的词放在though 或as 之前，语序为：被强调的词+though/as+句子的其他部分（在倒装结构中，前面不能再加冠词）。例如：
Poor though (as) his family was， he would never ask for help.
他家虽然贫穷，但他从不伸手求助。
Child as/though he was， he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child， he knew what was the right thing to do.
尽管他是小孩，但他知道做什么才是对的。
Hard as he tries， he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard， he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。
Tired as the workers were， they did not stop.
尽管工人们很累了，他们还是没有停下来。
（3）注意even if 和even though 的区别。even if 引导的情况往往是假设性的，意思是“即使……”、“哪怕……”、“就算……”。even though 引导的情况往往是是真实的，意思是“尽管……”、“虽然……”。有时两者也可不加区别地混用。例如：
Even if they have to walk all the way， they"ll get there.
即使他们得一路走着去，他们也要到那里去。
I plan to go to the party even if my mother doesn"t agree.
即使妈妈不同意，我也会去参加晚会的。
Even if I saw him pick up the money， I can"t be sure he stole it.
就算我看见是他拾起的钱，我也不能肯定钱就是他偷的。
Even though I don"t like the job， I must do it well.
即使我不喜欢这份工作，我也必须做好它。
Even though I hadn"t seen him for many years， I recognized him immediately.
即使多年没见过他，我也马上认出了他。
Task 1
翻译下列句子。
1.他虽然很疲倦，但是仍然继续工作。
2.他们虽然穷，但很快乐。
3.即使下雨我也要去。
4.即使你不成功，我也会支持你。
5.尽管这次聚会上他们互相不认识，也玩得很愉快。
Dialogue & Analysis（此处有视频学习资料）
M： I"ll call you as soon as I get there.Bye！ It"s Tom.I have to go to his house now.（as soon as 引导时间状语从句，意思是“一……就……”。）
W： As far as I know， his house is very far from here.（as far as 引导方式状语从句，强调程度或范围，意思是“在……范围内”、“就……来说”。）
M： I have to go no matter how far it is.（no matter how/what/where 引导让步状语从句，意思是“不论……”。）He really needs my help.
W： I think it"s going to rain.
M： I"ll go even if it rains.（even if 引导让步状语从句，意思是“即使……”。）
W： You"d better take an umbrella in case it rains.（in case 引导条件状语从句，意思是“假使……”、“免得……”。）
W： Now that you decide to go， you"d better go at once.（now that 引导原因状语从句，意思是“既然……”。）
W： What"s the matter with you？ You look as if you had run a hundred miles.（as if 引导虚拟语气，意思是“好似”、“犹如”。）
M： I ran home after a bus.
W： Why？ Are you crazy？
M： I don"t care as long as I can save half a dollar.（as long as 引导条件状语从句，意思是“只要……”。）
W： Why don"t you run after a taxi instead of a bus？
M： What do you mean？
W： Then you can save 20 instead of half a dollar.
22.3whether … or…引导的让步状语从句这种从句也称“选择条件？让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后。例如：
Whether Peter drives or flies， he will be here on time.
不管彼得是开车来还是坐飞机来，他都会准时到这儿。
Whether you like it or not， you"ll have to do it.
不管你喜不喜欢，你都得做。
Whether or not it rains， we are having a party tomorrow.
不管下不下雨，明天我们都要举行晚会。
We hold that all countries， (whether they are) big or small， (whether they are) rich or poor，should be equal.
我们认为，所有国家无论大小，贫穷还是富有，都是平等的。
Whether it rains or snows， they will leave tonight.
今晚无论下雨还是下雪，他们都要离开。
They had to go， whether or not they wanted it.
不管他们愿不愿意，他们都得走。
22.4while引导的让步状语从句
while (= although) 引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首。例如：
While he may be right， we can"t altogether agree with him.
即使他说得对，我们也并不完全同意他。
While I admit that the problems are difficult， I don"t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
While (Although) she has some shortcomings， she also has some good points.
虽然她有一些缺点，但她也有一些优点。
22.5wh-+ ever， no matter+wh- 等结构引导的让步状语从句
这类结构有后接名词的whatever（无论什么），后接形容词和副词的whoever（无论谁），whomever（无论谁），whichever（无论哪个），whenever（无论何时），wherever（无论哪里），however（无论怎样），以及no matter (who， what， where， when， etc.)（无论……）。
no matter whom=whomever
no matter what=whatever
no matter who=whoever
no matter when=whenever
no matter where=wherever
no matter which=whichever
no matter how=however
例如：
Whomever (= no matter whom) you are dealing with， this method is no good.
无论你跟谁打交道，这个办法是行不通的。
Whatever (= no matter what) happens， keep calm.
无论发生什么事，都要保持冷静。
Whatever others may say， you are certainly right.
无论谁说什么，你无疑是正确的。
Whichever (= no matter which) you choose， we have no objection.
无论你选哪一个，我们都不反对。
However carefully she explained， I still didn"t understand.
无论她解释得多么仔细，我还是没弄懂。
However hard they may try， they will not attain their goal.
无论怎样努力，他们都达不到他们的目标。
Wherever I go， I will find the same thing.
无论到哪里，我都会发现同样的事情。
Task 2
用whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever 填空。
1.happens， we must be calm.
2.she says， I won"t believe her.
3.wants the photo may have it.
4.I"ll give the book to wants it.
5.side wins， I shall be happy.
6.method I use， the result is much the same.
Dialogue & Analysis（此处有视频学习资料）
A： Who is it？ Hi， Jack.Come in， please.
B： I just drop by.
A： Whoever comes is welcome.（复合关系代词是由关系代词+ever 构成的，是“无论”的意思。whoever 相当于anybody who。它在本句中引导名词从句，并在其中作主语。）You can sit down wherever you like.（复合关系副词wherever 引导表示地点的状语从句，语气比where 强，相当于anywhere that 和no matter where，意为“在任何地方”、“无论在哪里”。）Something to drink？
B： OK.I"ll drink whatever you have.（复合关系代词whatever 引导名词从句，并在其中作宾语，前面没有先行词。）
A： Here"s a cup of beer and a cup of whisky.You may choose whichever you want.（复合关系代词whichever 引导名词从句，并在其中作宾语，意为“无论哪一个”。）
B： I feel sick.Can I use your bathroom？
A： Sure.You may use it however you like.（复合关系副词however 引导让步状语从句，意思是“怎么样都行”。）Oh， my God.
B： Too slippery in there.Oh， my leg hurts badly.
A： Here， you can have this.Take it， or you can give it to whomever (whoever) you like.
（复合关系代词whomever 是whoever 的宾格。在口语中常用whoever 代替whomever。）
B： I really have to go now.
A： I will be very glad to see you whenever you like to come.Bye！（复合关系副词whenever 引导表时间的状语从句，语气比when 强，相当于at any time，意思是“每当”、“无论何时”。）
22.6be引导的让步状语从句
“be”有时用倒装结构来引导让步状语从句。例如：
Be it snowy or shiny， they must go.
不管下雪还是晴天，他们必须去。
Be she friend or enemy， the law regards her as a criminal.
不管她是朋友还是敌人，法院认定她是罪犯。
All magnets behave the same， be they large or small.
所有磁体，无论大小，性质都一样。
22.7for all that， admitting that 等引导的让步状语从句for all that（尽管），admitting that（纵使），granted that（就算），in spite of the fact that（尽管），regardless of the fact that（即使）等结构也可以引导让步状语从句。例如：
Smith is a good person， for all that he is from a different country.
史密斯是个好人，尽管他来自另一个国家。
Admitting that she is quite clever， we do not think she will make much improvement， as she pays no attention to her lessons.
即使她天资聪明，我们也不会认为她有多大长进，因为她不用心学功课。
Granted that he has enough money to buy the car， it doesn"t mean he"s going to buy it.
即使他有足够的钱买这辆车，但这并不说明他要买。
In spite of the fact that he was terribly ill， he still worked.
尽管他病得很厉害，但他仍然工作。
Regardless of the fact that he speaks little English， he gets on well with the American students.
即使他不会说英语，他也跟那些美国学生相处得很好。
I.选择题。
1.Much hard he tried， he failed to catch up with the first runner.
A.although
B.as
C.while
D.when
2.Hard-working though he was， there was never enough money to pay the bills.
A./
B.and
C.but
D.therefore
3.we gave them something to eat， they would save it up for their parents.
A.Whatever
B.However
C.Whenever
D.Whichever
4.Mr.Saddam Hussein has to go with the American soldiers， .
A.no matter he likes or not
B.no matter he should like it or not
C.no matter whether he likes or not
D.no matter he may like it or not
5.， I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.
A.However the story is amusing
B.No matter amusing the story is
C.However amusing the story is
D.No matter how the story is amusing
6.he thought he was helping us with the work， he was actually in the way.
A.Although
B.Unless
C.Because
D.When
7.Babies sleep l6to l8hours a day， and they sleep less they grow older.
A.while
B.as
C.when
D.after
8.I would never speak to someone like that they said something unpleasant to me.
A.even if
B.so that
C.as if
D.ever since
9.He never lost heart difficulty he met with.
A.what
B.whatever
C.how
D.however
10.they are allowed ， they can"t drink any beer.
A.As long as；to do
B.If；to
C.Unless；to
D.On condition that；doing so
11.How can he learn anything he spend all his spare time playing computer games？
A.where
B.when
C.while
D.but
12.I admit that there are problems， I don"t agree that they cannot be solved.
A.While
B.If
C.As
D.Unless
13.“ my feet remain standing above the water level， there is hope ...” said the man.
A.Where
B.Even if
C.While
D.Although
14.she is young， she knows quite a lot.
A.When
B.However
C.Although
D.Unless
15.most of the earth"s surface is covered by water， fresh water is very rare and precious.
A.As
B.Once
C.If
D.Although
II.翻译下列句子。
1.Boss as he was， he was unhappy.
2.Patient as she was， she didn"t like waiting that long.
3.Hard as I tried to persuade him， I couldn"t make Tom change his mind.
4.Hard as Mary might try， she couldn"t solve the problem.
5.Surrounded as the soldiers were by the enemy， they managed to break through.
Fun Time（此处有音频学习资料）
Right Here Waiting
此情可待
Ocean apart day after day
And I slowly go insane
I hear your voice on the line
But it doesn"t stop the pain
If I see you next to never
How can we say forever
Wherever you go， whatever you do
I will be right here waiting for you
Whatever it takes
Or how my heart breaks
I will be right here waiting for you
I took for granted， all the times
That I thought would last somehow
I hear the laughter.
I taste the tears
But I can"t get near you now
Oh， can"t you see it， baby
You"ve got me going crazy
Wherever you go， whatever you do
I will be right here waiting for you
Whatever it takes
Or how my heart breaks
I will be right here waiting for you
I wonder how we can survive this romance
But in the end if I"m with you
I"ll take the chance
远隔重洋，日复一日
我一步步走向疯狂
电话里传来你的声音
但这无法让伤痛停止
倘若此生再难相见
又怎能说和你长相厮守
无论你去哪里，无论你做什么
我会一直在这里等你
无论命运怎样变迁
无论我多么心碎
我会一直在这里等你
我一直坚信
我们一定能坚持到最后
我听到了你的笑声
我尝尽苦涩的泪水
可是此刻却无法接近你
哦，你看不见吗，宝贝
你让我陷入痴狂
无论你去哪里，无论你做什么
我会一直在这里等你
无论命运怎样变迁
无论我多么心碎
我会一直在这里等你
我想知道，我们如何才能拯救这段感情
但只要最终能和你在一起
我会奋不顾身
Oh， can"t you see it， baby
You"ve got me going crazy
Wherever you go， whatever you do
I will be right here waiting for you
Whatever it takes
Or how my heart breaks
I will be right here waiting for you
Waiting for you ...
哦，你看不见吗，宝贝
你让我陷入痴狂
无论你去哪里，无论你做什么
我会一直在这里等你
无论命运怎样变迁
无论我多么心碎
我会一直在这里等你
等候着你……
