21世纪注定是一个网络时代，各种网络词汇也应运而生，有些是土生土长的，如“神马都是浮云”（“什么都是浮云”的谐音）、鸭梨（“压力”的谐音）；有些是舶来品，如博客（blog）；而有些则是中西合璧，如gelivable（给力）、工作ing。ing 在英语中表示某个动作正在进行，是现在分词的构成要件。下面就让我们认识一下现在分词及与其相对的过去分词吧。
32.1分词的基本概念
分词分为现在分词（The Present Participles）和过去分词（The Past Participles）。现在分词与过去分词的区别在于：现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的动作，而及物动词的过去分词表示已经完成且被动的动作，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意义。
32.2分词的形式
32.3分词的语法功能
1.作定语
（1）单个的分词作定语，一般放在被修饰词的前面，也叫前置修饰语。及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动。例如：
the excited audience 激动的观众 an exciting speech 激动人心的演讲
a conquered army 吃了败仗的军队 a conquering army 攻无不克的军队
a recorded talk 被录制的谈话 a recording machine 录音机
（2）不及物动词的现在分词作定语强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成，不表被动。
例如：
boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 已经沸腾过的水
fading flowers 正在凋谢的花朵 faded flowers 已经凋谢的花朵
a drowning man 一个快要淹死的人 a drowned man 一个已经淹死的人
falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves 落叶
（3）分词短语作定语放在被修饰词的后面也相当于一个定语从句。例如：
Who is the man standing by the door？
站在门边的那个人是谁？
The first textbook written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
将英语作为外语教授的第一本教科书于16世纪问世。
The students playing in the playground are my classmates.
在操场上玩耍的学生们是我的同学。
These plastic bottles used already can be recycled.
这些已经用过的塑料瓶子可以回收。
Dialogue & Analysis（此处有视频学习资料）
A： What"s wrong？
B： This is a moving story.（现在分词表示主动意义。在本句中相当于“This is a story that moves people.”。）
B： I was deeply moved by it.（过去分词表示被动意义。）
A： Woman！ You are too woman！
C： Help！ Help！
B： Someone must be drowning.（现在分词表示进行中的动作。）
A： It is really a surprising news.
B： The surprised people are running to site of accident.
B： Oh， my dear！ The drowned man can not come back to life.（过去分词表示动作已经完成。）
A： Excuse me！ Excuse me！ Give me a way， please.The drowned man is my father.
R
ole Play
Watch the video one more time， try to imitate the dialogue with your partners， and then， show your performance to the other classmates.
Task 1
选择正确的分词填空。
1.China is a (developing， developed) country.
2.America is a (developing， developed) country.
3.His son was (disappointing， disappointed).The old man felt unhappy.
4.His son was (disappointing， disappointed)， so he regretted not having prepared much for the test.
2.作表语
作表语时，现在分词表示事物的性质或特征，表主动的状态；过去分词表示人的感受，表被动的状态。例如：
The news is surprising.
这消息令人吃惊。
We are surprised at the news.
我们对这则消息感到吃惊。
I am very interested in the interesting story.
我对这个有趣的故事非常感兴趣。
We are all tired of such a tiring question.
我们都厌烦无聊的问题。
Task 2
用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.I had nothing to do.I was (bore) and lonely.
2.Jack looked even more (amaze) than he felt.
3.The results were very (disappoint).
4.I was thanked by the (satisfy) customer.
3.作补语
分词作补语时，通常用在感官动词（see， hear， feel， notice， find， watch）和役动动词（make，have， keep， get， leave， catch， set）之后。下面以感官动词see 为例来解析分词作补语的内涵：
（1）see sb./sth.do（主动、动作的全过程）
（2）see sb./sth.doing（主动、动作正在发生）
（3）see sb./sth.done（被动、动作的全过程）
（4）see sb./sth.being done（被动、动作正在发生）
例如：
I found my car missing.
我发现我的车不见了。
I"ll have my watch repaired.
我想把我的手表修一下。
After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education，with girls as well as boys been encouraged.
阿拉伯国家赢得独立后，特别重视扩大教育，不但鼓励男孩子入学，而且鼓励女孩入学。
Make yourself heard and understood.
让别人能够听到并且理解你说的话。
Task 3
选择题。
1.Please keep us of the latest news.
A.to inform
B.informed
C.informing
D.having informed
2.He left us and the work .
A.waiting；unfinished
B.waited；unfinishing
C.to wait；to finish
D.to wait；unfinished
3.Can you get the clock ？
A.to repair
B.to repairing
C.repaired
D.having repaired
4.Can you get the clock again？
A.go
B.gone
C.goes
D.going
5.I caught the boy in the exam.
A.cheating
B.cheated
C.cheat
D.to cheat
4.作状语
现在分词作状语表示主动，过去分词（短语）作状语表示被动。分词作状语时表示时间、原因、理由、条件、让步等，相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时，选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句，如果分词的动作是主句的主语发出的，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如，Seen from the top， the stadium looks like a bird nest.
从上面看，体育场好像一个鸟巢。
Seeing from the space， the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.
从太空看，宇航员看不到长城。
Used for a long time， the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book， I find it useful.。
在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
Dialogue & Analysis（此处有视频学习资料）
A： I"ve just got promoted.I will treat you to a dinner.
B： Great！ This piece of news is exciting.（现在分词作表语。）
C： Yeah！ This is quite an exciting news.（分词可以在名词前作修饰语。在本句中，exciting修饰news。）
A： Where shall we go？
B： I know a good restaurant called April Fools.
A： April Fools？ The restaurant is strangely named.（过去分词用作表语。）I never heard a restaurant named like this（.过去分词可以在feel， hear， keep， notice， see等动词的宾语后面作补足语，表示被动，通常表示已经完成的动作。）
C： Oh， the restaurant is right beside the shopping mall.But going to that restaurant is along way.（going to that restaurant 作主语。）
A： Those not wanting to go can stay here.（分词可以在名词的前面或后面作修饰语，但在修饰代词时只能用在代词的后面。在本句中，wanting 在代词those 后面作修饰语。）
C： That is too much.I have never heard anyone talking to me like this.（现在分词可以在feel， find， hear， keep， see 等动词或者动词短语的后面作补足语，表示和主要动词的动作是同时发生的。）
B： All right， stop quarrelling.I have something else to do.I meet you there at five.
C： It"s seven now.We"d call him.
A： OK.Hello， Peter， where are you now？
B： I am at home.Where are you？
A： We are at April Fools".
B： Ha ha！ That"s the right place for you.
A： What did you say？
B： Remember what day is it today？ April Fools" Day.
A： What is April Fools" Day？
R
ole Play
Watch the video one more time， try to imitate the dialogue with your partners， and then， show your performance to your classmates.
Task 4
判断下列句子的正误。
1.( ) Given another chance， the job could be better done.
2.( ) Given another chance， I could do the job better.
3.( ) Although built thirty years ago， we find the house very beautiful.
4.( ) Although built thirty years ago， the house looks very beautiful.
选择题。
1.The repairs cost a lot， but it"s money well .
A.to spend
B.spent
C.being spent
D.spending
2.The prize of the game show is 30，000 and an all expenses vacation to China.
A.paying
B.paid
C.to be paid
D.being paid
3.The disc， digitally in the studio， sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A.recorded
B.recording
C.to be recorded
D.having recorded
4.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company， as 3M.
A.knowing
B.known
C.being known
D.to be known
5.the earth to be flat， many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.
A.Having believed
B.Believing
C.Believe
D.Being believed
6.some officials， Napoleon inspected his army.
A.Followed
B.Followed by
C.Being followed
D.Having been followed
7.There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light.
A.followed
B.being followed
C.to be followed
D.following
8.， liquids can be changed into gases.
A.Heating
B.To be heated
C.Heated
D.Heat
9.better attention， the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and them light.
A.Giving；given
B.Given；given
C.Giving；giving
D.Given；giving
10.Unless to speak， you should remain silent at the conference.
A.invited
B.inviting
C.being invited
D.having invited
11.many times， the problems were settled at last.
A.Discussing
B.Being discussed
C.After discussing
D.Discussed
12.in the fog， we were forced to spend two hours in the woods.
A.To lose
B.Losing
C.Lost
D.Having lost
13.in white， she looks much more beautiful.
A.Wearing
B.Dressing
C.Dressed
D.Worn
14.， the old man is living a happy life.
A.Taking good care
B.Taken good care
C.Having taken good care
D.Taken good care of
15.The old man walked in the street， .
A.followed by his son
B.followed his son
C.and following his son
D.and followed by his son
16.With trees， flowers and grass everywhere， my native town has taken on a new look.
A.planting
B.planted
C.to plant
D.to be planted
17.the programme， they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A.Not completing
B.Not completed
C.Not having completed
D.Having not completed
18.from other countries for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A.Being separated
B.Having separated
C.Having been separated
D.To be separated
Fun Time
Please read the following joke， and pay attention to the participles used in it.
The Three Stars
One day Steven Spielberg（斯蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格）， Arnold Schwarzenegger（阿诺德·斯瓦辛格）， and Pierce Brosnan（皮尔斯·布鲁斯南）were in a jungle in order to take some shots for a movie.Unfortunately， they were caught by a tribal group.As they were about to be executed they pleaded to the Queen of the Tribe for her mercy.She said， ‘‘Get me something good to eat.If I like it， you will be freed."" The three stars looked at each other and agreed.They then went into the jungle to look for some food.Spielberg was the first to come back.He came up to the altar and offered grapes.She tasted one and immediately spat it out.She ordered her servants to shove the rest of them up his ass.The servants finished their duty， leaving a screaming Spielberg.Schwarzenegger was the next to arrive with some yummy apples.The same thing happened to him， but curiously he laughed as the apples were shoved up his ass.
Spielberg was shocked.Here he was with grapes up his ass howling in pain， but Schwarzenegger had several apples in his ass and he was still laughing.He asked him ‘‘What the hell are you laughing at？"" A laughing Schwarzenegger replied ‘‘Pierce is coming back with a watermelon.""
