如何避免句子头重脚轻呢？如何做到重点突出呢？这就需要求助于倒装句。下面就让我们一起来学习一下倒装句吧！
34.1倒装句概述
主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间存在图34-1所示的两种语序。
例如：
I saw Mary in the shopping mall yesterday.
昨天我在购物中心见到玛丽了。（自然语序）
Only in this way can we solve the problem.
只有用这种方法才能解决这个问题。（倒装语序）
倒装语序中又有完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）两种。
34.2完全倒装
完全倒装（The Full Inversion），又称“全部倒装”，是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。完全倒装主要用于以下几种情况。
（1）由here， there， now， then 引导的句子，其谓语动词是be， go， come， exist， follow 等时，句子采用完全倒装的语序。例如：
Here is a letter for you.
这里有你的一封信。
There still exist some problems.
还存在一些问题。
There goes the bell.
铃响了。
Now comes your turn.
现在轮到你了。
Then came a new difficulty.
又出现了一个新困难。
注意：代词做主语时，只把该副词提前，主谓语序不变。例如：
Here it is.
就是这儿。
There you go again.
你又来了。
（2）有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象，增加语言效果，可将表示方向的副词（如down，up， out， in， off， on， away 等）或拟声词（bang， crack 等）置于句首，句子采用完全倒装的语序（主语为人称代词的句子除外）。例如：
Up went the rocket into the air.
火箭升入空中。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.
当警察用枪指着罪犯的时候，他就从三层跳了下来。
Away went the children.
孩子们离开了。
Out rushed a tiger from the bushes.
一只老虎从丛林了冲出来。
以上句子简洁明快，生动逼真地描述了有关动作，令我们一览此类倒装的风采。倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达，了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法，不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力，而且对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此，写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达得更生动、有力。例如：
“Stop thief！ Stop thief！” There is a magic cry in the sound.The tradesman leaves his counter， ...Away they run， pell - mell， helter - skelter， yelling - screaming， ...“Stop thief！ Stop thief！” The cry is taking by a hundred voices；Away they fly， splashing through the mud， up go the window， out run the people.(Dickens)
以上段落中，作者在第一段和第二段中分别将副词away， up 和out 置于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run， Away they fly， up go the window， out run the people，从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛，生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。
注意：代词做主语时，只把该副词提前，主谓语序不变。例如：
In he comes.
他进来了。
Up it flew.
它向上飞。
Here you are.
给你。
（3）地点状语提前，为了保持句子平衡且谓语是be， stand， sit， lie 等动词时，句子采用完全倒装的语序。例如：
On the grass lie a group of boys.
草地上躺着一群男孩。
Under the tree stands a girl.
树下站着一个女孩。
In the village live two blind men.
村子里住着两个盲人男子On every piece of paper was a picture of a horse.
每张纸上画着一匹马。
From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor"s voice.
从墙上的扬声器里传来了医生的声音。
（4）表语位于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。
① 形容词+连系动词+主语。例如：
Present at the meeting were Professor White， Professor Smith and many other guests.
出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授和其他一些贵宾。
② 过去分词+连系动词+主语。例如：
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
他们对中国人为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。
③ 现在分词+连系动词+主语。例如：
Lying on the floor was a boy.
地板上躺着一个男孩。
④ 介词短语+be+主语。例如：
Among the goods are Christmas trees， flowers and toys.
商品中有圣诞树、鲜花和玩具。
Task 1
翻译下列句子。
1.车来了。
2.孩子们冲出来了。
3.山谷里传来一声喊叫。
4.出席晚会的有海滨学院的院长，还有许多别的宾客。
5.坐在地上的是一群年轻人。
34.3部分倒装
部分倒装（The Partial Inversion）指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，倒装至主语之前，而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do， does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
（1）only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要进行部分倒装。例如：
Only then did I realize the importance of learning English.
直到那时我才意识到学习英语的重要性。
Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation there.
只有使用这种方法你才有希望改善这里的情况。
Only after he came back was I able to see him.
他回来后我才能见到他。
注意：only 修饰主语，仍用自然语序。例如：
Only socialism can save China.
只有社会主义才能救中国。
Only he can do this work.
只有他能够做这份工作。
（2）以not， never， seldom， little， nowhere， barely， scarcely， rarely， in vain 等否定副词、含有no 的短语at no time， no longer， by no means， in no time 及频度副词often， many a time， not once，always 等开头的句子，要进行部分倒装。例如：
Never have I seen such a performance.
我从来没有观看过这么精彩的表演。
Seldom do I go to the cinema.
我很少去看电影。
Never have I seen such a beautiful place.
我从来没有看到过这么美丽的地方。
Not always can people do what they want to.
人们并不总是能够做他们想做的事情。
Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.
我很少梦想看到这么美丽的景观。
At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
中国绝不会首先使用核武器。
In vain did we try to persuade him to give up smoking.
我们劝说他戒烟是徒劳的。
Not a single paper did the scholar write the whole term.
这位学者整个学期一篇论文也没有写。
（3）so … that 和such … that 结构中的“so+ adj./adv.”或“such …”提前到句首时，此部分用倒装语序。例如：
So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.
他给的价格非常不合理，每个人都感到吃惊。
Such a good boy is he that we all love him.
他是一个乖孩子，我们都喜欢他。
In such a hurry did he leave that he forgot to lock the door.
他们离开的时候非常匆忙，以至于忘记了锁门。
（4）在以so， nor， neither 开头的句子里，要进行部分倒装。例如：
A fish can swim and so can I.
鱼会游泳，我也会。
We have had breakfast and so have they.
我们已经吃过早餐了，他们也吃了。
I get up at seven and so does my brother.
我每天早上7点钟起床，我弟弟也是。
He didn"t smoke， nor did he drink.
他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
注意：
① 如果后一个句子只是单纯地重复前面句子的意思，则不倒装。例如：
- It is hot today.
今天真热。
- So it is.
的确如此。
- He finished it on time.
他按时完成了任务。
- So he did.
确实是这么回事。
② 如按照别人的意思做了什么事，so 也不用倒装。例如：
The teacher asked me to read louder， and I did so.
老师让我提高朗读声音，我照做了。
③ 当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯、否定形式不同时，则用“so it is with …”句型来表示。例如：
Tom likes singing， but he doesn"t like dancing.So it is with Mary.
汤姆喜欢唱歌，但是不喜欢跳舞。玛丽也是这样。
Tom is in Class Two， and his classroom is over there.So it is with Mary.
汤姆在2班，他的教室在那边。玛丽也是。
Tom is clever and he studies hard.So it is with Mary.
汤姆非常聪明，而且学习努力。玛丽也是这样。
（5）neither ...nor 连接的两个句子都要倒装；not only … but also 连接两个句子时，not only 后面的句子要倒装。例如：
Neither has he called on her， nor will he do so.
他还没有拜访她，并且也不会这么做。
Not only did I know her， but also I am her close friend.
我不仅认识她，而且还是她的密友。
（6）含有not until 的强调句，如果not until 位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构；如果是主从复合句，倒装结构出现在主句中。例如：
Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground.
比赛开始后，他才到达操场。
（7）adj./adv./n./v.+as 引导的让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，通常把句中状语、表语部分或动词提前，若表语是名词，不加冠词。例如：
Pretty as she is， she is not clever.
尽管她很漂亮，但是不聪明。
Much as I wanted to see him， I dared not see him.
尽管我想见他，但是我害怕看到他。
Child as he was， he had to make a living.
尽管他还是个孩子，但是不得不自谋生路。
（8）省略if 的虚拟条件句要进行部分倒装。例如：
Should he be interested in this subject， he might work hard at it.
如果他对这门课程感兴趣，那么就可能努力学习。
Had I had time， I would have certainly gone to the movies with you that day.
如果我有时间，那天我一定会和你一起去看电影的。
Task 2
翻译下列句子。
1.Only after being asked three times did he come to give a speech.
2.Little does he know about his major.
3.So terrible was the storm that the whole roof was blown off.
4.The boy can"t ski and nor can the girl.
5.Not only shall we learn from books， but also we should learn from practice.
6.Not until then did he come to realize the seriousness of the situation.
7.Child as he is， he knows a lot about the Chinese history.
8.Were I you， I would ask for a sick leave.
Dialogue & Analysis（此处有视频学习资料）
A： Isn"t it hot today！（此感叹句为倒装句，有点儿像一般疑问句的否定形式，但句尾用感叹号。）
B： There are two ice-creams in the refrigerator.（there 及介词、形容词和副词之后主语与动词倒装。）
A： I"ve put on a lot of weight.
B： Haven"t you！
A： I must lose my weight.
B： Many times have I heard this.（频率副词放在句首时，句子倒装，以加强语气。）
A： Only I am as slim as she， can I eat ice-creams.（以only 开始的副词短语或者副词句子放在句首加强语气。）
B： Very rarely have I seen a such strikingly beautiful woman.（rarely， very rarely， little，never 等副词放在句首以加强语气。）
A： Were she my wife， I would not let her wear so little.（此倒装句的结构为假设语气，省略if。）
A： Ha！ I lost 0.5kg.
B： But I am 10 kg heavier！
R
ole Play
Watch the video one more time， try to imitate the dialogue with your partners， and then， show your performance to the other classmates.
选择题。
1.Now your turn to perform the surgery.
A.came
B.has come
C.comes
D.would come
2.Only under special circumstances to take make-up tests.
A.are freshmen permitted
C.permitted are freshmen
B.freshmen are permitted
D.are permitted freshmen
3.Not until I came to the classroom， I had forgotten to take the textbook.
A.didn"t realize
B.did I realize
C.I didn"t realize
D.I realized
4.- Do you know Tom was arrested by the police yesterday？
- I don"t know， .
A.nor don"t I care
B.nor do I care
C.I don"t care neither
D.I don"t care also
5.right now， she would get there on Sunday.
A.Would she leave
B.If she leaves
C.Were she to leave
D.If she had left
6.， I would have acted as an interpreter for you.
A.If you asked me
B.You had asked me
C.Should you have asked me
D.Had you asked me
7.got aboard the ship， his wife texted him.
A.He hardly；then
B.Hardly had he；when
C.He had not；than
D.Not had he；when
8.Tom is a student and studies at Haibin College..
A.It is the same with Mary
B.So it is with Mary
C.So is Mary
D.So does Mary
9.Little about his own safety， though he was in great danger himself.
A.does he care
B.did he care
C.he cares
D.he cared
10.Not a single word at yesterday"s English class.
A.she said
B.said she
C.did she say
D.she did say
11.Not only polluted but crowded.
A.was the city；were the streets
B.the city was；were the streets
C.was the city；the streets were
D.the city was；the streets were
12.snacks and drinks， but they also brought cads for entertainment when they had apicnic in the forest.
A.Not only they brought
B.Not only did they bring
C.Not only brought they
D.Not only they did bring
13.- I don"t think I can walk any further.
- ， let"s stop here for a rest.
A.Neither do I
B.Neither can I
C.I didn"t think so
D.I think so
14.So that no fish can live in it.
A.the lake is shallow
B.shallow the lake is
C.shallow is the lake
D.is the lake shallow
15.Only in this way in English.
A.you can make progress
B.can you make progress
C.you will be able to make progress
D.will you can make progress
16.， the boy knows a lot about furniture making.
A.Though is he young
B.As is he young
C.Young as is he
D.Young as he is
17.， his idea was accepted by all the students in class.
A.Strange as might it sound
B.As it might sound strange
C.As strange it might sound
D.Strange as it might sound
18.Under a big tree ， wrapped up in thoughts.
A.did sat an old man
B.an old man sat
C.did an old man sat
D.sat an old man
19.Was it not you arrived at his house you discovered that he was on holiday？
A.when；that
B.until；did
C.until；that
D.when；did
20.Many a time to see me while in hospital.
A.did he come；was I
B.did he come；I was
C.he came；was I
D.he was；I was
Fun Time
The following is the poem written by the famous American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.In this poem， the writer uses inversion in the first stanza（诗节）。
Snowflakes
雪花
Out of the bosom of the air， 从天之穹窿，
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken， 从云之衣裳，
Over the woodlands brown and bare， 飘落于叶黄叶落的山林，
Over the harvest-fields forsaken， 飘落于秋后寂寥的田野，
Silent， and soft， and slow 悄无声息、轻盈曼妙地飘落、飘落……
Descends the snow.
Even as our cloudy fancies take 一如我们云般的梦幻，
Suddenly shape in some divine expression， 忽地化成种种极美的倾诉，
Even as the troubled heart doth make 一如我们不安的心境，
In the white countenance confession， 化成洁白如玉的神情，
The troubled sky reveals 是那多愁善感的天空，
The grief it feels.泄露了她感知的苦难。
This is the poem of the air， 雪如天空之诗魂，
Slowly in silent syllables recorded；用静美无比的音符缓缓低吟，
This is the secret of despair， 雪如纯真无瑕的精灵，
Long in its cloudy bosom hoarded， 在穹隆云裳间萦绕、萦绕……
Now whispered and revealed 而如今，飘落于山林田野，
To wood and field.向他们低吟轻唱。
