The modern law of landlord and tenant in common law jurisdictions retains the influence of the common law and， particularly，the laissez-faire philosophy that dominated the law of contract and the law of property in the 19th century. With the growth of consumerism， the law of consumer protection recognized that common law principles assuming equal bargaining power between parties may cause unfairness. Consequently， reformers have emphasized the need to assess residential tenancy laws in terms of protection they provide to tenants. Legislation to protect tenants is now common.
deposit /di p zit/n.存款；定金
immovable /i mu v bl /adj.不可移动的，固定的n.[律]不动产
movable / mu v bl/adj.可移动的； [律]动产的n.[律]动产
renter / rent /n.佃户；承租人；房东
bankruptcy / bkr ptsi/n.破产
easement / i zm nt/n.地役权
covenant / k v n nt/n.契约，盟约；盖印合同；圣约vi.订立盟约、契约vt.立约承诺
servitude / s vitju d/n.劳役，奴役；地役权
lease /li s/n.租约；租期；租赁物；租赁权vt.出租；租得
condominium / k nd mini m/n.财产共有权
ordinance /din ns/n.条例；法令； [宗]圣餐礼
bankruptcy l aw破产法
realestate不动产，房地产
joi nt ownershi p（对动产或不动产的）共同所有权；共有人
future i nterests未来权益；期货权益
l and use control s土地使用控制
corporealheredi tam ent有形的可继承的不动产
1. OU （借条，借据） ： An IOU is a document acknowledging debt. The term is derived rom the opening phrase“I oweunto”and/or thepronunciation of“I owe you”. An IOU differs from a promissory note in not specifying the time of repayment.
2.lackstone （布莱克斯顿爵士） ： Sir William Blackstone （ originally pronounced lexstun） （ 10 July 1723 - 14 February 1780） was an English jurist and professor who roduced the historical and analytic treatise on the common law called Com mentaries on he Laws of England， first published in four volumes over 1765 - 1769. It had an xtraordinary success， reportedly bringing the author￡14， 000， and still remains an mportant source on classical views of the common law and its principles.
3. ondominium （财产共有权）： Condominium is a form of housing tenure and other real roperty where a specified partof a piece of real estate （ usually of an apartment house） is individually owned while use of and access to common facilities in the piece such as hallways， heating system，elevators，exterior areas is executed under legal rights associated with the individual ownership and controlled by the association of owners that jointly represent ownership of the whole piece. Colloquially， the term is often used to refer to the unit itself in place of the word“apartment”. A condominium may be simply defined as an“apartment”that the tenant“owns”as opposed to rents.
4. aissez-faire （自由放任）： In economics， laissez-faire means allowing industry to be free f state intervention，especially restrictions in the form of tariffs and government onopolies. The phrase is French and literally means“let do”， though it broadly implies“let it be”or“leave it alone”.
5.onsumerism （消费者至上主义） ： Consumerism is a social and economic order that s ased on the systematic creation and fostering of a desireto purchase commodity goods in ever greater amounts. One of the phrases supporting consumerism is“Money can buy happiness”. The term is often associated with criticisms of consumption starting with Thorstein Veblen or， more recently by a movement called Enoughism. Veblen s subject of exam ination， the newly emergentmiddleclass arising at theturn of the20thcentury， com es to full fruition by theend of the20th century through the process of globalization.In econom ics， consum erism refers to economic policies placing emphasis on consum ption. In an abstract sense， it is the belief that the free choice of consumers should dictate the economic structure of a society （ cf. Producerism， especially in the British sense of the term） .
I Reading comprehension.
1.ow is the property law connected to the nation and its people？
2. How is the legal systemdivided in the definition of property？
3. What is the law of“nuisance”？
4. What is called a“life estate”？
5. What does the law of“land use controls”deal with？
6. What does“zoning ordinances”mean？
7. When does a court resolve thedisputeby adjudicating the priorities of theinterests？
8. Can a person obtain an interest in property under a trust established for his or her benefit by the owner of the property？
9. What is the basic distinction in common law systems on“property”？
10. How can real property be divided into？
II Phrase translation from Chinese into English.
1.财产法 2.不动产
3.地役权法4.区划法规
5.破产法6.房地产
7.借条，借据8.共同所有权
9.未来权益，期货权益10.无形的可继承的不动产
IIIFill in the blanks with the words and expressions in the box.
alongside license sale overlap
sueinterestsenforceableconfer
Property rights are rights over things （ 1）against other persons. By contrast， contractual rights are rights enforceableagainst particular persons. Property rights， however， may arisefroma contract， so there is an （ 2）between the two systems of rights. In relation to the （ 3）of land， for example， two sets of legal relationships exist（ 4）one another： thepersonal right to （ 5）for damages on the contract， and the proprietary right exercisable over the thing. A separate distinction is evident where rights granted are insufficiently substantial to （ 6）on the non-owner a definable interest right in the thing. The clearest example of these rights is the （ 7）. In general， even if licenses arecreated by a binding contract， they do not giveriseto proprietary（ 8）.
IV Paragraph translation from English into Chinese.
