表示演绎或归纳：
for example， for instance， take…as on example， that is to say， in an other words， in conclusion，for example， for instance， to illustrate.for example for instance， to illustrate as an illustration，after all，as a matter of fact，frankly speaking，in fact， that is， that's to say， in this case， namely， in other words， to put it differently等。
另外还有表示并列、转折、因果、顺序、假设、让步等逻辑语义的关联词：
and， though， but ， but， however， conversely， in spite of， nevertheless， even though， on the other hand， after all， still， on the contrary， yet， whereas， however， nevertheless， because， therefore so， because， for， as， since， owing to， if…then， the former， the latter， first， second…，the conclusion that， in short，but， in contrast， nevertheless， notwithstanding， on the contrary， on the other hand otherwise， regardless， still， though， yet， despite the fact， even though， however， in spite of， instead，still nevertheless，in spite of all the same，even so，after all，concession granted naturally，of course等。
（4）评注性关联词语
评注性关联词语如to put it concisely， in my opinion， personally， to be sure， even more important， what's more important， in short， in summary， in conclusion， to sum up， therefore， in brief， to conclude， all in all， in other words，the conclusion that ..， in summary， it is wiser .， in short..， certainly， undoubtedly， indeed， truly， in fact， surely， in summary， in a word， in brief， in conclusion， to conclude， in fact， indeed， in short，in other words， of course， it is true， specially， namely， in all， that is to summarize，thus as has been said， altogether in other words， finally in simpler terms， in particular， that is， on the whole， to put it shortly， therefore，as a result， thus， hence， accordingly， therefore， consequently， then， that is to say， so等。
2）重复关键词
重复指的是在段落写作中为了对前面语句中的某一主题进行进一步的展开，或做一个充分的完整的支持，而对该主题进行重复，这样，使得后面的语句为前面语句中的未尽主题或次主题建立一个有效的联系，达到连贯的目的。
语例：
（1）Teaching is supposed to be a professional activity requiring long and complicated training as well as official certification.The act of teaching is looked upon as a flow of knowledge from a higer source to an empty container.
（2）One value of American culture that I do not accept is the value of materialism. In general， Americans tend to value and collect more material objects than most people in other parts of the world would ever think of owning. The typical modern American owns one or more television sets， cars， stereo systems， computers， and/or telephones.Much time and energy is spent on maintaining and protecting these things. In addition to maintaining and protecting their possessions， Americans often give higher priority to obtaining more things than they do to investing time in interpersonal relationships. This value seems to result in producing regret in Americans when they reach the end of their lives. Many times people look back at their lives and realize that the things they have accumulated are not nearly as important as the relationships they should have nurtured.
（3）Hypnosis refers to a complex phenomenon that cannot even be described in a few words and that is still harder to define.Hypnosis is used by medical men to study their patients's problems and to relieve symptoms such as pain.It is also used improperly and and with great risk by quacks who allege， for example， that they can enhance the performance of an athlete or cure otherwise hopeless diseases.Still another use or rather abuse of hyponosis is by enterprisers.A stage magitian， for example.
关键词重复是写作者常常借以保持文本连贯的手段。文本的关键词就好似一个链条上的连接点，起着将多个部分连接在一起的作用。有时候，写作者为了重复或多次深入探讨或展开同一主题，这时，作为主题的关键词会被多次重复使用。
3）使用人称代词与指示代词
使用人称代词与指示代词，其作用与上述的重复连贯方法相同，目的是为了对前面提及的人或物，或某一概念进行进一步的完整交代，从而达到前后语句间的连贯或关联。
语例：
（1）Winston Churchill is probably still the best-known Prime Minister of Great Britain.Born at Blenheim Palace， he joined the army after Harrow， but in1899 resigned his commission to report on the Boer War.Elected to Parliament in 1900， he served in both Conservative and Liberal governments， and became Channellor of the Exchequer under Baldwin.A period in the political wilderness was ended by the declaration of the Second World War and his appointment to the Admiralty； after Chamberlain's resignation in 1940 he led a coalition government.He worked…He lost the election…His last years saw a return to writing， including his memoirs of the Second World War.
（2）Hypnosis refers to a complex phenomenon that cannot even be described in a few words and that is still harder to define.Hypnosis is used by medical men to study their patients's problems and to relieve symptoms such as pain.It is also used improperly and with great risk by quacks who allege， for example， that they can enhance the performance of an athlete or cure otherwise hopeless diseases.Still another use or rather abuse of hyponosis is by enterprisers.A stage magitian， for example， …
4）英语定冠词及替代词
英语定冠词是另一重要的形式连贯手段。实际上，英语定冠词不仅起形式连贯的作用，还在相当程度上起着语义（思想内容）上的连贯作用。
语例：
"Tristram Shandy" is Laurence Sterne's masterpiece.It is a strange， plotless novel.By the time the author comes to the fourth volume， the hero has barely covered a single day of his life.He is breeched in volume 6， and then totally disappears.Sterne's humour sometimes takes the form of indecent innuendoes， e.g.in the first few chapters， the hero tells "when" and how he was begotten by his parents.However， a delightful group of characters are drawn with amazing liveliness， notably Tristram's irritable but kind-hearted father；"my Uncle Toby"， who loves to expound military tactics on paper but will not kill a fly； the parson Yorick， a representation of the author himself； Corporal Trim， Toby's servany， and the widow Wadman.
替代词分为名词性替代词、动词性替代词和分句性替代词。名词性替代词，如one/ones， the same， the kind， the sort等；动词性替代词， 如do， do so等；分句性替代词就是采用分句形式的so/not替代整个分句。
语例：
（1）Many young kids are facinated with pop stars.Ketty says that she she has no interest in that kind of people.(名词性替代词)
（2）The teacher assigned the students to collect waste things on their way back to home and take to the school the next day.So did everyone of the class.（动词性替代词）
（3）
A： I like many kinds of sports.
B： So do I and all my family members.（动词性替代词）
（4）All the people think that Antonia， the Italian chess player will win the previous Russian champion.John thinks not.（分句性替代词）
