下面是一个整体法的写作语例：
Although Ulysses S.Grant and Robert E.Lee were fierce adversaries during the Civil War their lives， both military and nonmilitary， had a great deal in common.Grant descended from a family whose membere participated in the American Revolution.He received his commission of second lieutenant from West Point and served in the Spanish-American War.He was later summoned by President Lincoln to assume command of the Union Forces during the Civil War.After the Civil War， Grant suffered financial problems and Was forced to declare bankruptcy.Lee aee also descended from family which engaged in the American Revolution.He， too， received his commission from West Point and later fought in Mexico during the Spanish-American War.His fame as a military stragist during the Civil War， when he was the commander of the Confederate armies， is well known.Although it is not always pointed out by historians， he， like Grant， had financial difficulties after the Civil War and was commpelled to declare bankruptcy.By securing a post as president of Washington College，he was able to avoid additional poverty.
在上述的语例中Ulysses S.Grant and Robert E.Lee为进行比较的两个对象，作者在先陈述了Ulysses S.Grant 的情况后，再陈述了Robert E.Lee的相应情况，于是给读者一个完整而清楚的了解。
5.因果分析展开段落。要素：因果关系。标志：because， for， so， therefore， consequently， thus， reason等。
标准：清楚和严密的因果逻辑。
结构形式：原因-结果型，结果-原因型。前者以作为原因的事实和事件出发，对该事实或事件的结果进行分析、说明、预测等；后者刚好相反，以作为结果的事实和事件出发，对原因进行分析和说明。
语例：
One wonders how， then， these students arrived at such a false conclusion.One reason， ofcourse， may be that they're science students.Scientific terms generally possess only， precisely defined， meaning.It is， in fact， exactly this quality that make these words distinctive in English， or indeed in any other language.Another reason could be the way in which these students were taught English.For example， long vocabulary lists are still an important feature in the foreign language learning programmes of many countries.On one side of the page is the word in English； on the other side a single word in the student's native language.
6.分类展开段落。一是指对某一事物分解各个部分或对众多个别性的事物进行归类而加以议论、说明、叙述或描写展开的段落。要素：分类。标志：divide， groups， types， sides， kinds…
标准：分类参照体系明确而严密，分类参照服务于主题思想。分类参照体系明确而严密，目的是为了使分解出的各个部分间以及所归类出的类别界线清楚，互不重复、混淆，特征明显，能有效增强文本的说服力和感染力。分类参照服务于主题是指分类中，按照所选参照进行的分类对段落文本的主题思想具有实质性的意义。
结构形式：分解型分类和归类型分类。
分解型分类面对的对象是一个整体或一个系统的概念。写作中，作者为了对该整体或笼统的概念有个清楚的交代，会采用分析、说明、描写等将其分成多个部分。必要时，还会将分出的部分再分出更次一级的若干部分。其参照是找出一些差异性特征。让读者对之有深入具体的认识，归类型分类是作者对多个个别事物或事例归类成数量又较少的几个大类，进行议论、说明等。必要时，作者还会将数量较少的几个大类再进行数量更小的归类。归类的目的是让读者对具体事物有一个总体的认识。归类分类的标准是找出事物之间的一些共性特征。
语例：
There are many part-time jobs for college students who need money to help pay their bills.For students who enjoy talking to customers， sales jobs are ideal.Some people like to find their own customers， so they choose door-to-door sales of products ranging from beauty aids and encyclopedias to vacuum cleaners.Other people prefer working in department stores， where customer finds them.Students who like being around people， but do not want to persuade them to buy anything， might prefer clerking in a grocery or discount store.Those who enjoy providing service to the public might prefer office jobs as secretaries， file clerks， or bookkeepers.And those who like to keep their surroundings clean and neat might find that being dishwashers， stockroom persons， or janitors fills their need for both money and job satisfaction.
7.定义展开段落。定义，就是给一个事物的概念作一个解释或界定，以让人明白，有所了解。通过这种方法展开的段落就是定义展开段落。要素：概念，概念的解释。
标准：客观，清晰明了，基于读者对象。写作中，良好的定义不仅要求清晰明了，揭示概念的本质特征，还应考虑读者对象。比如说，你在写某一产品的说明书时，涉及某一特定事物的概念时，写作尚需考虑读者对象是专业同行还是普通的产品使用者，针对不同的读者对象所做的定义应有所不同。因此，定义常常可以是一个句子，可以是一个段落，甚至也可以是一篇完整的语篇文本。客观指的是所做的解释应是客观的，应尽量避免渗入作者任意的想象或情感的发挥。
语例：
Outlining is a skill that will be useful to you when you are taking lecture notes， reading， or writing a paper.An outline shows the organization of a lecture or a written article.It is an arganized list of ideas， grouped together in such a way as to show their relationship to one another.
8.联想式展开段落。联想式段落的展开是基于写作者针对某一主题的思维联想。当然，这种联想是指有意识的、有控制的基于主题之下的合理的联想，而不是毫无目的的自由式的联想，因为写作本身就是具有一定目的性的有意识行为。联想式展开段落是一种常见的段落展开方式，可以出现在多种文本类型的写作情况中，如议论文、诗歌、散文、描写等。
联想式展开段落与信息组合展开段落既有一定的联系，又有一定的区别。二者之间的联系在于，联想展开的结果最终是体现在呈示给读者一定的信息组合，以便让读者对某一主题进行了解和认知。二者的区别在于，联想展开的段落更多地偏重于写作者对所写的主题的个人的认知感受或经验，而信息组合展开段落则更多地取决于人们普遍的对某一事物或主题的认知序，而这种人们普遍的对某一事物或主题的认知序对于一个写作者而言，实际上就是一种知识序，例如在写一个通知时，一般会涉及通知的人物对象，通知中所涉及的具体事情，以及事情的时间、地点、事情的具体内容等；在写一个招聘广告时，一般会涉及招聘单位的介绍说明、工作和职位说明、招聘对象的条件和要求、具体招聘程序等。
